Committed to Your Pet’s

Healthiest & Happiest Life

Wellness Exams

A wellness exam is a comprehensive, nose-to-tail physical examination designed to assess your pet’s overall health and identify concerns early — often before symptoms are visible at home.

What We Evaluate

During a routine wellness visit, we evaluate:

  • Weight and body condition score
  • Heart and lung function
  • Oral health and dental disease
  • Eyes and ears
  • Skin and coat quality
  • Joint mobility and muscle condition
  • Abdominal palpation to assess internal organs
  • Lymph nodes and overall systemic health

We also review diet, behavior and anxiety, lifestyle, parasite prevention, and vaccination status. This is an opportunity to discuss subtle changes you may have noticed — appetite shifts, mobility concerns, behavior differences, or anything that feels “not quite right.”

What's Typically Included

For many pets, wellness visits also include:

  • Vaccine updates
  • Parasite screening
  • Preventive laboratory testing
  • Medication refills
  • Skin and coat quality
  • Nutritional guidance

Wellness exams are not just for “shots.” They are one of the most important tools we have for early disease detection. Many chronic conditions — kidney disease, thyroid disease, heart disease, arthritis — begin with subtle changes that can be identified during routine evaluation.

Vaccination Recommendations

Our vaccine protocols are based on age, medical history, and lifestyle. In New Hampshire, we also account for environmental exposure, tick prevalence, and wildlife contact. If there have been significant lapses between vaccines, booster schedules may be adjusted to ensure proper immunity and should be discussed with your veterinarian.

For Dogs

Rabies
Rabies vaccination is required by New Hampshire state law for all dogs and cats. Because rabies is a fatal disease with significant public health implications, we require all active patients at Bedford Animal Hospital to remain current on rabies vaccination. In very select medical circumstances, a rabies exemption may be requested — these require specialist evaluation and State of New Hampshire approval. If a pet is acutely ill at the time vaccination is due, we may consider a one-time temporary deferral on a case-by-case basis.
Distemper/Parvovirus (DA2PP/DHPP)
This combination vaccine protects against distemper, adenovirus (hepatitis), parainfluenza, and parvovirus — serious, highly contagious diseases that remain present in the environment.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is spread through wildlife urine contaminating soil, puddles, and even backyard environments. It can cause severe kidney and liver failure and is transmissible to humans. Due to rising regional prevalence, leptospirosis has been considered a core vaccine in endemic areas like ours since 2022 and is strongly recommended for most dogs
Lyme Disease
New Hampshire is a high-risk state for Lyme disease. We recommend Lyme vaccination for dogs with increased exposure — particularly those with active outdoor lifestyles, wooded properties, hunting activity, or significant wildlife presence. Lyme vaccination never replaces year-round tick prevention.
Bordetella
Recommended for social dogs and required by most grooming, boarding, daycare, and training facilities.

We individualize every vaccine plan. Our goal is appropriate protection based on risk — not a one-size-fits-all schedule.

For Cats

Rabies
Rabies vaccination is required by New Hampshire state law for all dogs and cats, even indoor-only cats. Exemption requirements are the same as described above for dogs.
FVRCP
Protects against feline herpesvirus, calicivirus, and panleukopenia — highly contagious and potentially severe viral diseases. These pathogens can be carried into the home on clothing or shoes, which is why vaccination is recommended even for strictly indoor cats.
FeLV
Administered as a core kitten series to provide early protection. For adult cats, continued vaccination is recommended only when outdoor access or exposure to other cats is anticipated.

Nail Trimming

Nail trimming is an important part of your pet’s overall comfort and mobility—but it’s also a learned skill for both pets and people. It is very commonly stressful for pet owners, and it’s important to know that nail trims are often no less stressful for pets in the veterinary setting than they are at home. Our goal is to help you approach nail care in a way that prioritizes safety, reduces stress (on you and your pet), and improves long-term success.

For Dogs

What You’ll Need

● Dog nail clippers or a nail grinder (Dremel)
● Styptic powder or cornstarch (in case of bleeding)
● High-value treats
● Good lighting (headlamps work great)

Understanding the Nail

Each nail contains a blood vessel and nerve called the quick. Trimming too close to the quick can cause pain and bleeding. In light-colored nails, the quick is often visible (the pink part in the center); in dark nails, it is not—so trimming small amounts at a time is essential.

How to Trim

1. Choose a calm, quiet time and environment.
2. Gently but securely hold the paw.
3. Trim small amounts at a time, angling slightly downward.
4. Stop if you see a chalky white center or a darker dot—this means you’re close to the quick.
5. Reward frequently and take breaks.

If bleeding occurs, apply styptic powder or corn starch with gentle pressure for 30–60 seconds. Bleeding usually stops quickly.

More Information

Helpful Tips

● Frequent, small trims help the quick recede over time.
● Nail grinders can be useful but may be frightening for some dogs due to noise or vibration.
● It’s always okay to stop and try again another day.

Important Reminder About Nail Trimming

Nail trimming is training, not just grooming. “Fighting through it,” pinning pets down, or forcing restraint may get nails trimmed once—but it almost always leads to worsening fear and escalation over time. This is especially true in the veterinary office.

Because fear can occur both at home and in the veterinary setting, we strongly recommend:
● Slow, steady, reward-based training at home
● Working at your pet’s pace
● Stopping before fear escalates
For pets who struggle significantly, we frequently prescribe pre-appointment anti-anxiety medications for nail trims. These medications help reduce fear and allow the experience to be calmer, safer, and more humane for everyone involved.

For Cats

What You’ll Need

● Small cat or pet nail trimmers
● Treats or a favorite distraction
● A towel (optional)
● Good lighting

How to Trim

1. Pick a calm moment—after eating or during a nap often works well.
2. Gently press on the digital toe pad with your thumb and forefinger to extend the nail.
3. Trim only the sharp curved tip, staying well in front of the pink quick.
4. Start with just one or two nails and build tolerance gradually.

Many cats do best sitting in a lap (head facing away from you) or with a gentle towel wrap (“kitty burrito”). Avoid force—stress now often means more resistance later.

More Information

Training at Home: Slow and Steady

We recommend starting with:
● Gentle paw and nail handling

● Pairing each interaction with food, praise, or play
● Gradually progressing to holding clippers, touching nails with them, and eventually trimming
● Never “working through” a fight

This process may take days to weeks—and that’s completely appropriate.

An Alternative Option: Emery Board Training

For dogs who refuse traditional nail trimming at home, an alternative approach may be helpful. Some dogs and cats do very well learning to use a homemade emery board—such as sandpaper securely attached to a board or scratching-post–style surface—to naturally file their nails.

This method:
● Allows voluntary participation
● Can significantly reduce stress
● Works especially well for front nails in some dogs

Our team can help you decide whether this option is appropriate and how to introduce it safely and effectively.

When to Ask for Help

Please contact us if:
● Nail trims are consistently stressful or unsafe
● Nails are breaking, bleeding, or causing limping
● Your pet shows significant fear or aggression

We’re always happy to help with:
● Referrals to qualified groomers or behavior professionals
● Medication and Herbal support
● Sedated in hospital nail trims

Nail care should never be traumatic—for you or your pet.

Online Pharmacy Options

When prescriptions cannot be picked up through our in-house pharmacy, we encourage clients to use our integrated online pharmacy. Our online pharmacy connects directly to your pet’s medical record, allowing us to monitor prescriptions accurately, track refills appropriately, and reduce delays. Because it portals into our system, it minimizes communication errors and helps ensure medications are dispensed and delivered promptly and correctly.

In many cases, our pricing is often lower than large third-party retailers. National retailers such as Chewy have significant marketing visibility, which can make pricing appear more attractive at first glance. However, when comparing final cost, shipping, and manufacturer-backed guarantees, our online pharmacy is frequently more affordable.

When prescriptions are requested through outside pharmacies that are not integrated with our system, the process becomes more manual and time-intensive. Long hold times, missed calls, and transcription errors can delay treatment and increase the risk of miscommunication.

For most medications and preventives, we utilize Covetrus through our online platform. For compounded medications, we work with only reputable compounding pharmacies that follow strict quality standards, including Wedgewood Pharmacy, Stokes Pharmacy, and Mixlab. We will always provide written prescriptions upon request and encourage clients to compare options. Our goal is quick, stress-free medication options.

Joint & Mobility Support

Adequan (Prescription Joint Support)
When joint disease is moderate to advanced, Adequan is often the most effective option for meaningful joint support. Unlike supplements, Adequan is a prescription injectable medication with strong data behind it. It works at the level of the joint itself by helping protect cartilage, reducing destructive enzymes within the joint, and improving joint fluid quality. This addresses
the underlying disease process of osteoarthritis rather than simply supporting comfort. Adequan is unique because it bypasses the gastrointestinal tract entirely. Many oral supplements rely on absorption through the gut, which can be inconsistent and variable between patients. Adequan is administered by injection, allowing it to reach the joints reliably and at therapeutic levels. This makes it especially valuable for pets who cannot tolerate oral supplements, have gastrointestinal sensitivity, or have not responded adequately to nutraceuticals alone. In clinical practice, Adequan is often used as a foundation therapy for joint disease and can be combined with other supportive strategies such as weight management, physical rehabilitation, mobility support devices, and targeted supplements when appropriate. For many dogs, it provides more noticeable and consistent improvement in comfort and mobility than supplements alone. While no single treatment reverses arthritis, Adequan remains one of the most evidence-backed options available for slowing progression of joint damage and improving quality of life. For pets with significant mobility challenges, it is often the most impactful step we can take beyond supplements.

Myos
Myos is a muscle health supplement called fortetropin, which is derived from fertilized egg yolk that supports muscle mass and strength. This is especially important for senior pets, pets with arthritis, and pets recovering from injury or surgery, where muscle loss plays a significant role in weakness and mobility decline. Supporting muscle is just as important as supporting joints when it comes to long-term mobility.

Dasuquin / Cosequin
Glucosamine and chondroitin are among the most widely studied joint supplements in veterinary medicine. Products such as Dasuquin and Cosequin provide consistent, bioavailable formulations that support cartilage health and joint lubrication. These supplements work best when given consistently over time and early in the disease process rather than intermittently.

GlycoFlex (Type II collagen)
Type II collagen works differently than glucosamine and chondroitin. Rather than supporting cartilage structure directly, it helps modulate immune signaling within joints, reducing inappropriate inflammation. Because of this mechanism, Type II collagen supplements are typically used instead of, not in addition to, glucosamine and chondroitin. Using both together does not provide added benefit.

ElleVet
ElleVet products use hemp-derived CBD, which is non-toxic and non-psychoactive. These products are formulated specifically for veterinary use and have some of the strongest safety and efficacy data currently available in pets. CBD may help reduce pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis and can be a helpful adjunct for mobility support in select patients.

New Zealand green-lipped mussel extract
Green-lipped mussel extract shows promise for joint and mobility support due to its naturally occurring omega-3 fatty acids and anti-inflammatory compounds. Optimal dosing has not yet been clearly established, and research is ongoing. We will provide updated recommendations as more data becomes available as well as brands you can trust.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Fish Oil)

Bayer Free Form Fatty Acids (Snip Tips)
Nordic Naturals

Omega-3 fatty acids play an important role in joint health, skin support, inflammation control, cognitive aging, and kidney disease management. One of the most common issues we see is underdosing. Many over-the-counter fish oil products do not contain a high enough concentration of EPA and DHA—the components responsible for clinical benefit.

We use dosing guidelines from Colorado State University, which focus on the combined milligrams of EPA and DHA (the active ingredients for
inflammation control) rather than the total volume of oil. Fish oil should always be increased slowly, as starting at too high a dose can cause diarrhea. Gradual titration significantly improves tolerance.

Anxiety & Stress Support

ElleVet Calm
ElleVet Calm is often recommended for pets experiencing situational or chronic anxiety. It may help reduce anxiety without causing sedation and can be useful during recovery from surgery, environmental changes, or noise aversion.

Zylkene
Zylkene is a milk-derived supplement that supports relaxation by acting on natural calming pathways in the brain. It is well tolerated, making it a good option for pets with mild to moderate anxiety or as part of a multimodal anxiety plan.

VetriScience Calm & Confident
Calm &Confident combines several calming nutraceuticals like L-Theanine, Thiamine (Vitamin B1), and Colostrum Calming Complex (C3), which promote relaxation, support nervous system health, and aid cognitive function without causing drowsiness, alongside others like Ashwagandha, Tryptophan, and probiotics to manage stress and anxiety. and is commonly used for stress-related behaviors such as travel anxiety, veterinary visits, or routine changes.

VetriScience Golden Years Calm & Confident for Senior Dogs
As dogs age, anxiety often increases due to cognitive decline, sensory changes, or discomfort. This senior-specific formulation supports emotional balance and adaptability without sedation and is commonly used for nighttime restlessness, pacing, increased vocalization, and sensitivity to routine changes in older dogs.

Vision & Eye Health

Ocu-Glo
Ocu-Glo is recommended for ocular support in pets with cataracts or age-related eye changes. It contains antioxidants and nutrients that may help reduce oxidative stress within the eye. While supplements cannot reverse cataracts, Ocu-Glo may help support ocular health and slow
progression in some patients.

Cognitive Dysfunction & Sleep Regulation

Melatonin
Melatonin can be helpful for senior pets experiencing cognitive decline, particularly when sleep–wake cycles become disrupted. When given at night, melatonin may help regulate circadian rhythms and improve nighttime restlessness. Dosing and timing are important and should be guided by your veterinarian.

VetriScience Golden Years Calm & Confident for Senior Dogs
As dogs age, anxiety often increases due to cognitive decline, sensory changes, or discomfort. This senior-specific formulation supports emotional balance and adaptability without sedation and is commonly used for nighttime restlessness, pacing, increased vocalization, and sensitivity to routine changes in older dogs.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Fish Oil)

Bayer Free Form Fatty Acids (Snip Tips)

Nordic Naturals

Omega-3 fatty acids play an important role in joint health, skin support, inflammation control, cognitive aging, and kidney disease management. One of the most common issues we see is underdosing. Many over-the-counter fish oil products do not contain a high enough concentration of EPA and DHA—the components responsible for clinical benefit.

Liver Support

Denamarin
Denamarin is a well-studied liver support supplement that combines SAMe and silybin. It supports liver cell health, antioxidant activity, and detoxification pathways and is commonly recommended for pets with liver disease or elevated liver enzymes.

Kidney Disease Support

Diet and targeted supplements are the mainstay of preserving remaining kidney function and supporting quality of life in pets with chronic kidney disease. IRIS, the International Renal Interest Society, is a group of veterinary specialists that develops evidence-based guidelines for diagnosing and managing chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats.

IRIS created the Stage 1–4 kidney disease system used by veterinarians to guide treatment. This staging helps determine when to introduce specific therapies, such as renal diets, phosphorus control, hydration support, and targeted supplements, allowing care to be adjusted as kidney disease progresses while prioritizing both longevity and quality of life.

Using IRIS staging, Bedford Animal Hospital tailors recommendations based on disease severity and laboratory targets. As kidney disease progresses, additional supplements are typically layered in to address phosphorus control, hydration, inflammation, electrolyte balance, and metabolic complications.

Prescription Renal Diet

While this is not a supplement and it is a prescription, it felt important to add this information here. IRIS guidelines emphasize nutrition as the foundation of chronic kidney disease management once disease is staged. In cats and dogs, prescription renal diets are the primary way we control phosphorus intake and support long-term kidney health. The diets that are best studied, most widely recommended, and typically best tolerated include Hill’s k/d, Purina NF,
and Royal Canin Renal. Newer veterinary formulations, such as Farmina Vet Life Renal, may also be beneficial, but the three listed above have the strongest body of research supporting their use.

Cats (and sometimes dogs) with kidney disease are often selective eaters, and appetite fluctuations are common as disease progresses. For this reason, rotating between multiple prescription renal diets rather than relying on a single formula is often the most successful long-term strategy. Offering variety within renal options can improve acceptance and caloric intake while preserving kidney-protective benefits. In dogs, renal diets are often introduced as early as IRIS Stage 2; in cats, they are commonly introduced once phosphorus control becomes necessary, typically from Stage 2 onward.

Phosphate Binders

IRIS identifies phosphorus control as one of the most important modifiable factors in slowing kidney disease progression. After staging and transitioning to a renal diet, phosphorus levels are reassessed. If serum phosphorus remains above IRIS target ranges, phosphate binders are added—most commonly in IRIS Stage 2 through Stage 4, though decisions are driven by lab values rather than stage alone. Phosphate binders work in the gastrointestinal tract to bind
dietary phosphorus and prevent absorption. At Bedford Animal Hospital, we commonly use Phos-Bind, mixed with meals and adjusted based on follow-up phosphorus measurements.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

IRIS recommends omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for dogs with chronic kidney disease, citing evidence that EPA and DHA may reduce inflammation and improve renal blood flow. Omega-3s are often introduced early—frequently in IRIS Stage 1 or Stage 2—and continued through all stages as part of long-term support. While evidence in cats is more limited, omega-3s are commonly used as supportive therapy across stages. We typically recommend Bayer Free-Form Omega-3 or Nordic Naturals for consistent dosing and purity.

Hydration Support

Maintaining hydration is critical at all IRIS stages. As kidney function declines, pets lose the ability to concentrate urine, increasing water loss and the risk of dehydration. Purina Hydra Care is a palatable, nutrient-enriched liquid designed to encourage voluntary fluid intake for cats. It is commonly introduced in IRIS Stage 1 or Stage 2 and often continued through later
stages—particularly in cats—to support hydration, appetite, and comfort.

Recommended Supplements

The unregulated nature of veterinary nutraceuticals creates a “wild west” market where product quality, dosing consistency, and ingredient accuracy vary widely, often leaving supplements ineffective. Because brands matter, the products recommended below are specifically chosen for their strict manufacturing standards, reliable formulations, and data-driven support.

Potassium Supplementation

Potassium imbalances are specifically addressed in IRIS recommendations, particularly for cats. Hypokalemia is common in feline CKD and is most often identified in IRIS Stage 2 or Stage 3, though it can occur at any stage based on labs. Low potassium can contribute to muscle weakness, poor appetite, and decreased quality of life. When indicated, we frequently recommend Renal K+, with dosing guided by serial bloodwork.es in older dogs.

Alkali Therapy

With advancing disease, some dogs and cats develop metabolic acidosis due to reduced renal acid excretion—most commonly in IRIS Stage 3 and Stage 4, after diet and phosphorus control are optimized. Alkali therapy is initiated only when bloodwork confirms low bicarbonate (total CO₂). Potassium citrate is typically selected when acidosis coexists with low potassium, while sodium bicarbonate is used when potassium levels are normal. Veterinary potassium citrate options include CitraVet or K‑Cit‑V, with dosing adjusted based on repeat monitoring.

Probiotics

Probiotics are a cornerstone of supportive care for pets with gastrointestinal disease. They are typically recommended during periods of active GI upset and continued for several weeks afterward to help reestablish healthy gut flora. Different probiotic strains have different effects, and some pets respond better to one formulation than another. If a probiotic does not lead to
improvement, switching to a different strain is often recommended.
At Bedford Animal Hospital, our preferred probiotic is FortiFlora ProSA, which we carry in-hospital. FortiFlora ProSA is different from over-the-counter FortiFlora products in that it is formulated specifically for GI disease and includes immunomodulatory effects, meaning it helps regulate and calm inappropriate immune responses within the gastrointestinal tract, not just add
beneficial bacteria. It is also highly palatable, making it easier to give to pets that are not feeling well. Other well-researched options include Proviable, one of the best-studied veterinary probiotics with strong evidence for treating diarrhea, and Visbiome, a high-potency, multi-strain probiotic often used in more chronic or severe GI cases. The primary downside of Visbiome is that it must be refrigerated, which can make shipping, storage, and travel less convenient.

 

Cancer Support

 

Adjunctive, Case-Dependent

For certain types of cancer, specific supplements may be used as adjunctive support alongside conventional diagnostics and treatment. These supplements are not curative and are not appropriate for every cancer type.

I’mmunity

I’mmunity contains lion’s mane mushroom extract, which is being studied for immune-modulating effects. Some cancers appear to respond to immune system support rather than direct cytotoxic therapy. Research is ongoing, and use is case-dependent.

Yunnan Baiyao

Yunnan Baiyao was originally developed for its anti-bleeding properties and has historically been used in Vietnam and other parts of Asia. In veterinary medicine, it is most commonly used to help manage bleeding risk associated with certain tumors, particularly those prone to spontaneous hemorrhage.

Immune Support in Cats with Respiratory Disease

VetriScience Lysine Chews
Research on lysine supplementation in cats with upper respiratory disease is mixed. While definitive benefit has not been proven, lysine is considered safe and does not appear to cause harm. For this reason, it is often recommended as a low-risk option for cats prone to respiratory flare-ups.

Skin & Coat Support

Dermaquin
Dermaquin supports skin barrier function and coat health using a combination of essential fatty acids and antioxidants. It is commonly recommended for pets with chronic skin disease or poor
coat quality.

Wellactin
Wellactin is another excellent option for skin and coat support and provides a consistent, veterinary-formulated source of omega-3 fatty acids. It can be used alongside or as an alternative to Bayer Free Form Fatty Acids (Snip Tips) and Nordic Naturals, depending on tolerance and dosing needs.

Gastrointestinal Disease

Targeted supplements and supportive therapies play an important role in managing gastrointestinal (GI) disease in pets, especially when used alongside appropriate diagnostics and dietary adjustments. Testing helps guide therapy, and treatments are often layered based on the underlying cause, severity of signs, and the pet’s response over time.

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
Vitamin B12 supplementation is recommended after testing confirms deficiency, which is common in pets with chronic intestinal disease, malabsorption syndromes, or certain pancreatic and intestinal disorders. Oral B12 supplementation can work well, particularly in mild cases; however, injectable B12 is typically absorbed more reliably and is often preferred in moderate to severe disease. Our staff can easily teach owners how to administer B12 injections at home, making this an effective and low-stress long-term option for many pets. Levels are often rechecked to ensure an appropriate response.

Folate
Folate levels are evaluated through bloodwork and supplemented only when abnormalities are identified. Low folate may indicate malabsorption, while elevated folate can suggest bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine. Folate results help guide diagnosis as well as treatment planning, and supplementation is used in a targeted, monitored manner when indicated.

Constipation Support

For cats experiencing constipation, MiraLAX (polyethylene glycol 3350) is a gentle and effective option that we commonly recommend. It works by drawing water into the stool, helping to soften feces and promote more regular bowel movements. A typical starting dose is ⅛ teaspoon mixed into food twice daily, adjusted as needed to achieve at least every-other-day stool production in
constipated cases. Dosing is individualized based on response, and many cats tolerate long-term use very well.

Endosorb
Endosorb is a non-medicated adsorbent used to help manage acute, simple diarrhea, most commonly in dogs. It is made from purified clays that bind excess fluid, toxins, and intestinal irritants within the gastrointestinal tract, helping to firm stools. Endosorb is available here in the hospital for pick-up at any time. It is less commonly used in cats, as the tablets can be difficult for cats to consume due to their size and taste.

Final Note

Supplements and over-the-counter medications can be valuable tools when chosen thoughtfully and used correctly, but more is not always better. The right product, at the right dose, from a trusted manufacturer matters far more than the number of products being given. If you are ever unsure what is appropriate for your pet—or whether a supplement is needed at all—we are happy to help guide you based on your pet’s individual needs, medical history, and stage of life.

Parasite Prevention

Multiple effective parasite prevention products are available. We do not endorse one single product over another — several strategies work well when used consistently and correctly. We are happy to discuss options and help you choose an approach that fits your pet’s lifestyle and your comfort level. It is important to note that some homeopathic and certain over-the-counter products do not contain active ingredients proven to provide reliable protection.

Choosing a Prevention Strategy

Multiple effective parasite prevention products are available. We do not endorse one single product over another — several strategies work well when used consistently and correctly. We are happy to discuss options and help you choose an approach that fits your pet’s lifestyle and your comfort level. It is important to note that some homeopathic and certain over-the-counter products do not contain active ingredients proven to provide reliable protection.

For Cats

Parasite prevention for cats is based on lifestyle. Indoor cats can still be exposed to fleas and infectious agents carried into the home. Cats that are active hunters are at higher risk for intestinal parasites such as tapeworms. Outdoor cats are at increased risk for fleas, intestinal parasites, and zoonotic infections like ringworm. Routine prevention, deworming, and screening are strongly recommended for these pets. Kittens require routine deworming during early development.

For Dogs

Heartworm Prevention

Monthly heartworm prevention is recommended year-round for all dogs. Treatment for heartworm disease is lengthy, uncomfortable, and significantly more expensive than prevention. Most monthly heartworm preventives also function as broad-spectrum dewormers, protecting against common gastrointestinal parasites such as roundworms and hookworms — parasites that can affect both pets and people. Annual heartworm testing is required for these prescription medications, even when prevention has been given consistently.

Tick Prevention
Year-round tick prevention is recommended for all dogs in our region. Even dogs living a more urban lifestyle are not protected from exposure, particularly in wooded or wildlife-dense areas. For higher-exposure dogs — including hunting dogs, hiking companions, and dogs with heavy outdoor activity — strict adherence to prevention is especially important.
Routine Fecal Screening and Deworming
Annual fecal screening is recommended for adult dogs. Puppies require structured, routine deworming during their first year of life. Highly social dogs, dogs attending daycare or dog parks, and pets with heavy environmental exposure may require more frequent screening. Recently adopted pets — especially those transported from southern states — often require additional screening and deworming. Many intestinal parasites can be present without obvious symptoms, which is why routine screening remains important.

Dental Care

Your pet’s oral hygiene can reveal a lot about their overall health. Bedford Animal Hospital provides comprehensive pet dentistry services, including dental cleanings, x-rays, and tooth extractions.

We’ll examine your pet’s oral cavity for signs of gum disease and other health care issues. We’ll also help you develop better oral hygiene practices to maintain your pet’s health and wellness.

Comprehensive Dentistry

As the most common yet often overlooked medical condition in dogs and cats, dental disease affects the majority of pets by three years of age, frequently developing without obvious at-home symptoms. Far more than just “bad breath,” it is a progressive infectious and inflammatory condition that damages the gums, roots, and bone, causing chronic pain and potentially leading to severe systemic issues in the heart, liver, and kidneys. Recognizing these significant long-term health implications, modern veterinary medicine treats oral health with the utmost seriousness, focusing on early recommendations and proactive interventions to protect your pet’s well-being.

Our comprehensive dental procedures are performed under general anesthesia and include:

  • Full oral examination and dental charting
    • Digital dental radiographs to evaluate roots and bone below the gumline
    • Ultrasonic scaling and polishing
    • Targeted oral surgery when disease is advanced
    • Individualized treatment planning and aftercare instructions

To ensure both safety and quality, veterinary dentistry is performed under general anesthesia. An endotracheal tube protects the pet’s airway from water and bacteria, while anesthesia allows for a thorough evaluation, cleaning below the gumline, precise surgical procedures, and essential dental radiographs, which reveal critical problems hidden beneath the surface. In contrast, awake, “non-anesthetic” cleanings fail to address disease below the gumline, and visual inspections alone are insufficient for a true oral health assessment.

Proactive, early intervention is highly recommended to reduce pain, improve long-term outcomes, and control costs. While a routine cleaning without extractions typically ranges from $600 to $900, advanced disease requiring extractions can escalate costs into the thousands due to increased surgery time, monitoring, and advanced imaging. To minimize these expenses and slow periodontal disease, daily at-home tooth brushing is the most cost-effective strategy, and veterinary teams are available to provide guidance and realistic strategies for success.

Nutrition Support & Dietary Planning

Nutrition is a cornerstone of long-term health and plays a critical role in growth, maintenance, disease management, and overall well-being. Our goal is to help make nutrition clearer, more approachable, and less stressful.
There Is No One "Right" Diet

The “right” diet is not one-size-fits-all. We support a wide range of feeding approaches, including commercial kibble, fresh prepared or frozen diets, and home-cooked diets. Our role is to help guide choices in a way that supports your pet’s individual health needs, lifestyle, and medical conditions.

Individualized, Calorie-Based Nutrition Plans

Our nutrition recommendations are individualized and calorie-based, rather than focused on brand names or marketing claims. Each plan takes into account age, life stage and activity level, current weight and body condition, underlying medical conditions, and appetite changes.

Our Approach to Dog Nutrition

For dogs, we recommend diets that meet AAFCO nutritional standards, provide appropriate calorie density, balance macronutrients and micronutrients, and include grains. We recommend grain-inclusive diets based on ongoing research linking certain grain-free diets to diet-associated heart disease, including dilated cardiomyopathy.

Our Approach to Cat Nutrition
Cats are obligate carnivores requiring nutrients found naturally in animal-based proteins and fats. Wet (canned) diets offer important advantages for cats — they are much lower in carbohydrates, provide significantly higher moisture content, and can support urinary tract health and kidney function. For many cats, especially those with kidney disease, urinary issues, obesity, or diabetes, wet food diets are strongly preferred when feasible.
Raw Diets
Based on current veterinary research and consensus, raw diets are not recommended for most pets. Research has consistently shown risks including significantly increased bacterial contamination, increased infection risk to immunocompromised household members, and nutritional imbalances. There is no strong evidence showing clear health benefits of raw diets over properly formulated cooked or commercial diets.
Certified Nutrition Support
Our technician Brie is a certified pet nutrition coach and works closely with our veterinarians to support individualized feeding plans, including calculating daily caloric needs, adjusting feeding plans over time, supporting healthy weight management, and assisting with diet transitions.

We recommend the Pet Nutrition Alliance website as a reliable, evidence-based resource for pet owners to better understand how many calories a pet actually needs, how to evaluate diets beyond marketing claims, and why portion size matters more than volume.

Laboratory Testing

We offer comprehensive in-house and reference laboratory testing to support early detection, accurate diagnosis, and thoughtful medical monitoring. Our diagnostic capabilities include full blood panels, which evaluate organ function, red and white blood cell counts, electrolytes, and overall metabolic health.

Expanded In-House Capabilities

We have significantly expanded our in-house laboratory capabilities, allowing for more timely results and faster clinical decision-making. In-hospital testing now includes:

  • Complete blood counts (CBC)
  • Comprehensive chemistry panels
  • Urinalysis testing
  • Tickborne illness and heartworm screening
  • Thyroid function testing
  • In-house cortisol testing for adrenal disease evaluation
  • Advanced microscopy for cytology and parasite identification
  • Holter monitoring for extended cardiac rhythm assessment

These expanded capabilities allow us to diagnose and monitor many conditions more efficiently without unnecessary delays.

Wellness & Advanced Screening

We also offer wellness screening panels designed to establish baseline values in healthy pets and identify subtle trends over time. Early detection often allows for earlier intervention, sometimes before clinical signs are apparent at home. For pets with specific medical concerns, we provide advanced diagnostics including allergy testing, endocrine testing, infectious disease screening, and cancer screening panels when appropriate. More specialized testing is performed through trusted veterinary reference laboratories to ensure depth and accuracy.

Advanced Imaging

We have significantly expanded our imaging capabilities to provide more comprehensive diagnostics within our hospital. In addition to our full digital radiology suite, we offer digital dental radiology, allowing us to evaluate tooth roots, bone loss, and hidden dental disease that cannot be seen on visual examination alone. We also work closely with boarded radiology specialists who are available for consultation and interpretation of complex imaging studies when needed.

Ultrasound

We have added updated ultrasound equipment to provide improved point-of-care imaging for basic abdominal assessments. This allows us to evaluate certain conditions more quickly and efficiently during appointments, especially when evaluating urinary issues. For full abdominal or thoracic ultrasound studies requiring advanced imaging protocols, these are performed through our visiting boarded specialists to ensure the highest level of expertise.

In-House Specialty Services

While we are a general practice, we are able to provide select advanced services within our hospital through visiting, board-certified specialists. These services include:

  • Cardiology consultations and echocardiography (cardiac ultrasound) with a boarded cardiologist
  • Abdominal/thoracic ultrasounds and endoscopic procedures with a boarded internal medicine specialist
  • Advanced soft tissue and orthopedic surgical procedures with a boarded veterinary surgeon

For these services, traveling veterinary specialists come directly to our practice to perform your pet’s procedure. They communicate their findings with our team, and we review results and recommendations with you to ensure continuity of care.

This collaborative approach allows your pet to receive advanced diagnostics and procedures in a familiar environment while maintaining high medical standards. It also provides meaningful cost savings compared to referral hospitals and reduces travel time and stress for both pets and families.

Not every case is suited for in-hospital specialty management. When referral to a 24-hour specialty center is in your pet’s best interest, we will guide you through that process and coordinate care accordingly.

Soft Tissue Surgery

We perform a wide range of soft tissue surgical procedures within our hospital. Every surgery is approached thoughtfully, with careful planning, modern anesthesia protocols, and comprehensive pain management.

Common Procedures

Common procedures performed at our hospital include:

  • Spaying and neutering
  • Mass removals and biopsy procedures
  • Limb amputations
  • Cherry eye repair
  • Cystotomies (bladder stone removal)
  • Select abdominal surgeries
  • Aural hematoma repair
  • Enucleation (eye removal)
  • Eyelid corrective surgery
  • Oral surgery and extractions
  • Mastectomy (mammary gland removal)

Not every case is appropriate for routine in-hospital management. When a procedure would benefit from advanced specialization, we may coordinate with one of our traveling board-certified specialists to perform the surgery at our hospital. In other situations, referral to a 24-hour specialty center may be recommended.

Anesthesia and Pain Management

All soft tissue procedures are performed under general anesthesia with continuous monitoring, including heart rate, oxygenation, CO2 monitoring, blood pressure, temperature, and ventilation. Pre-anesthetic laboratory testing is required. We utilize multimodal pain management for every surgical patient. Anesthesia often begins at home with a combination of light pain and calming medications given the morning of surgery and continued after the procedure. This approach reduces anxiety, allows us to use lower levels of anesthetic medications, and contributes to a smoother and safer experience overall.

The Day of Surgery

Drop-off is scheduled in the morning and typically takes about 15 minutes to review paperwork, confirm the surgical plan, and answer any final questions. Patients are monitored throughout the day and provided food, water, and walks once fully awake and stable. Pick-up is typically scheduled in the afternoon once your pet has recovered appropriately from anesthesia. We do not provide overnight hospitalization and patients are discharged the same day.

Recovery and Discharge

Detailed discharge instructions are provided and reviewed at pick-up, including medication schedules, activity restrictions, incision monitoring, and follow-up recommendations. Activity restriction is essential to allow proper healing. The most challenging part of recovery is often the cone, which must be worn consistently for 10–14 days to protect the incision.

Spaying and Neutering

Spaying and neutering are important surgical procedures that provide both health and behavioral benefits for dogs and cats. These procedures reduce the risk of certain cancers and infections, prevent unplanned litters, and can decrease hormone-driven behaviors. Timing of surgery is individualized based on breed, size, lifestyle, and overall health.
Anesthesia & Monitoring

All spay and neuter procedures are performed under general anesthesia with full monitoring, including heart rate, oxygenation, CO2 monitoring, blood pressure, and temperature. Pre-anesthetic laboratory testing is required. We utilize multimodal pain management for every surgical patient. Anesthesia typically begins at home with light pain and calming medications given the morning of surgery and continued after the procedure.

What Else Can Be Done While Under Anesthesia

For pets being hospitalized for surgery, we require current fecal screening and certain core vaccinations. Whenever possible, we use this surgical event as an opportunity to address additional concerns while your pet is safely anesthetized. This often includes:

  • Microchipping for permanent identification
  • Removal of retained deciduous (baby) teeth
  • Umbilical hernia repair
  • Evaluation and correction of other minor congenital or developmental concerns

Combining procedures under a single anesthetic event reduces overall stress, lowers cumulative anesthesia exposure, and is often more cost-effective than performing them separately.

The Day of Surgery & Recovery

Drop-off is scheduled in the morning and typically takes about 15 minutes. Pets are monitored throughout the day and provided food and water once fully awake and stable. Pick-up is typically scheduled in the afternoon — we do not provide overnight hospitalization for routine spay and neuter procedures. Most pets recover very well. The hardest part of recovery is usually the cone, which must be worn consistently for 10–14 days to protect the incision.

Acupuncture

Veterinary acupuncture is a medical therapy used to help manage pain, improve mobility, support healing, and enhance quality of life. At Bedford Animal Hospital, acupuncture is practiced as part of an evidence-based strategy and is used alongside diagnostics, medications, rehabilitation, and other therapies. Our approach is rooted in modern anatomy, neurophysiology, and clinical research.

A Brief History of Acupuncture
Acupuncture is one of the oldest medical therapies still in use today. Forms of acupuncture and needle-based therapies have been practiced across East Asia for thousands of years. Today, advances in neuroscience, imaging, and pain research allow us to better understand why it works. Modern research shows that acupuncture stimulates peripheral nerves and spinal cord pathways, modulates pain processing in the central nervous system, promotes release of endorphins and other neurochemicals, improves local blood flow and reduces inflammation, and influences muscle tone and neuromuscular function.
What Makes Our Approach Different?

While acupuncture originated within Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (TCVM), our hospital practices evidence-based veterinary acupuncture (EVBA). This uses acupuncture points based on anatomic, neurologic, and myo-fascial pathways; focuses on measurable physiologic effects; is fully integrated into conventional veterinary medicine; and is guided by diagnosis, imaging, lab work, and clinical response. Acupuncture for us is a medical tool, not an alternative philosophy — allowing it to complement rather than replace conventional veterinary care.

Conditions We Commonly Treat
Acupuncture may be recommended for pets with arthritis and chronic pain, geriatric decline and comfort care, sporting/performance issues, mobility issues or stiffness, back or neck pain, post-surgical recovery, cancer support, intervertebral disc disease, gastrointestinal disease, kidney disease, appetite changes, and stress and anxiety-related conditions. Many patients become relaxed during treatment, and some fall asleep.
What to Expect During an Acupuncture Visit
Acupuncture appointments are calm, quiet, and comfort-focused, and are scheduled separately from routine medical visits. Each visit includes a focused medical assessment followed by gentle placement of very fine, sterile needles at specific acupuncture points. Most treatments last 20–30 minutes and are well tolerated by both dogs and cats. Sedation is not required.
How Many Treatments Will My Pet Need?
Acupuncture works best as a series of treatments. For acute conditions, improvement may be seen after 1–2 sessions. For chronic conditions, most pets benefit from 4–6 weekly treatments, followed by maintenance care as needed (usually every 2–4 weeks). Your veterinarian will develop a personalized plan based on diagnosis, response, and long-term goals.
Is Acupuncture Right for Your Pet?
If your pet is experiencing pain, mobility changes, reduced performance, chronic illness, or you are seeking additional support beyond medications alone, acupuncture may be an excellent option. We are happy to discuss whether acupuncture is appropriate for your pet and how it may fit into their overall care plan.

Photobiomodulation (Laser Therapy)

Laser therapy — also called photobiomodulation — is a gentle, non-invasive treatment we use to help reduce pain, decrease inflammation, and support tissue healing. Sessions are calm and comfortable, and most pets relax during treatment.

How Laser Therapy Works
Our therapeutic laser delivers specific wavelengths of light to targeted tissues. That light energy is absorbed by cells and helps “turn up” normal healing processes, including improved cellular energy production, reduced inflammatory signaling, better local circulation and oxygen delivery, and pain modulation. Because photobiomodulation supports the body’s own recovery pathways, it’s commonly used alongside medications, rehabilitation, or post-operative care.
Conditions We Commonly Treat with Laser Therapy
  • Osteoarthritis and chronic joint pain
  • Back pain and some soft tissue injuries
  • Decreased discomfort and inflammation after surgery
  • Targeting painful gingivitis during dental procedures
  • Supporting wound healing after infections
What a Session Looks Like
Your pet gets settled comfortably on a mat or bed. We apply the laser over the targeted area(s). Treatments typically take 5–15 minutes with no shaving, no sedation, and no downtime. Many conditions do best with a series of treatments — for example, 2–3 times weekly at first, then tapering to 2–4 week maintenance as needed. Laser therapy is often combined with acupuncture when appropriate.
Why Class IV Veterinary Lasers Are Different
Not all laser therapy is the same. The Class IV medical laser we use operates at much higher power outputs than over-the-counter devices, delivering therapeutic energy deep into muscle, joints, ligaments, and bone. Over-the-counter or non-medical devices are typically limited to very superficial tissue effects. Think of this difference as a heating pad versus targeted physical therapy equipment — both may feel warm, but only one reaches the problem tissue.

Post-Operative Care

Activity Restriction & Rest
After surgery, strict activity restriction is essential for safe healing. Even when pets appear to be feeling better quickly, internal healing takes time. Pets should not run, jump, use stairs, engage in rough play, or be off leash until cleared by your veterinarian. Early over-activity is one of the most common causes of post-surgical complications. To help pets tolerate decreased activity, we often send home additional medications designed to reduce anxiety, restlessness, and over-arousal during recovery.After surgery, strict activity restriction is essential for safe healing. Even when pets appear to be feeling better quickly, internal healing takes time. Pets should not run, jump, use stairs, engage in rough play, or be off leash until cleared by your veterinarian. Early over-activity is one of the most common causes of post-surgical complications. To help pets tolerate decreased activity, we often send home additional medications designed to reduce anxiety, restlessness, and over-arousal during recovery.
Anesthesia Recovery: What to Expect in the First 24 Hours
Recovery from anesthesia is a full 24-hour process. During this time, it is normal for pets to be more sleepy, quieter than usual, or slightly uncoordinated. Some pets may whine, pace, or seem restless as anesthesia and pain medications wear off, while others may sleep more deeply than normal. Appetite may be decreased the evening of surgery, and mild nausea can occur. Most pets should show gradual improvement by the next day. If severe lethargy, collapse, repeated vomiting, or disorientation occurs, please contact us promptly.
Incision Monitoring & Wound Care
Surgical incisions should be checked daily. Mild bruising, swelling, or firmness around the incision can be normal in the early healing period. The incision should remain closed, dry, and relatively clean. Any increasing redness, discharge, bleeding, heat, opening of the incision, or persistent licking should be addressed promptly. If you are ever unsure about how a surgical site looks, send clear photos to frontdesk@bedfordanimalhosp.com for review rather than guessing.
Pain Control & Medications
Pain management is an important part of recovery. Medications should be given exactly as prescribed and on schedule unless otherwise directed. Pain may present as quiet behavior, restlessness, panting, or decreased appetite rather than obvious crying. Do not stop medications early or add over-the-counter products unless specifically approved, as many human medications are unsafe for pets.
Appetite, Vomiting & Diarrhea
It is common for pets to have a decreased appetite after surgery. Skipping one meal the first night home can be normal, with appetite gradually improving over the next 24–48 hours. Mild vomiting or diarrhea can occur as a response to anesthesia, pain medications, or antibiotics. A bland diet is often helpful post-operatively. Diarrhea that persists beyond 24 hours, worsens, or is accompanied by lethargy should prompt a call or visit.
Bathroom Habits & Constipation
Some anesthetic and pain medications can cause temporary constipation. Reduced activity and fasting before surgery can also delay bowel movements. If your pet is comfortable and not straining, it is typically safe to wait and monitor. If your pet appears uncomfortable, strains to defecate, or goes an extended period without a bowel movement, please contact us for guidance.
Sleep & Behavior Changes
Increased sleepiness and temporary behavior changes are common after anesthesia and surgery. Pets may sleep more, seem quieter than usual, or appear mildly clingy or unsettled for several days. These changes typically improve as anesthesia clears and medications are tapered. Maintaining a calm, predictable routine at home can be very helpful during this time.
Licking, Chewing & Protective Devices
Preventing licking or chewing at the incision is critical to proper healing. This may require the use of an e-collar, surgical suit, or other protective device as directed. Most pets adjust within a few hours of consistent wear.
When to Contact Us
Please contact us if you notice vomiting or diarrhea that persists beyond 24 hours, refusal to eat for more than 24 hours, worsening lethargy, concerning incision changes, straining to defecate, or anything that feels “not quite right.” Photos of surgical sites can be emailed to frontdesk@bedfordanimalhosp.com for review. When it comes to post-operative recovery, early questions are always better than late problems.

Pet Support Devices and Products

As pets age, recover from surgery, or experience changes in mobility, vision, or anxiety, the right support tools can make a meaningful difference in comfort, safety, and quality of life. We are thoughtful and selective about the devices we recommend. In our experience, well-designed, name-brand veterinary products consistently work better, last longer, and are far better tolerated by pets than inexpensive alternatives.

Mobility Support for Dogs

Help 'Em Up Harness
For dogs with arthritis, weakness, neurologic disease, or post-injury recovery. Provides balanced front and rear support, distributes weight evenly, and prevents scrambling on slippery floors — restoring confidence and encouraging movement.
Bulk Yoga Mats

One of the simplest and most effective ways to support dogs on slippery flooring. Provide excellent traction on hardwood, tile, and laminate floors. They are washable, cost-effective, and far less frustrating for dogs than boots or socks.

Raised Feeders
Helpful for dogs with arthritis, neck pain, or generalized mobility limitations. Allow pets to eat in a more natural posture, reducing strain on the neck, shoulders, and spine. Raise to the level of the shoulder.
Dr. Buzby's ToeGrips
Provide a continuous grip by fitting directly onto the nails. We strongly prefer ToeGrips over boots — most dogs strongly dislike boots, which can interfere with balance, proprioception, and confidence.

Exercise, Strengthening & Surgical Support

FitBone
An excellent tool for controlled exercise, strengthening, and post-surgical rehabilitation. Commonly used to improve core strength, balance, and limb awareness. Allows for safe, targeted muscle engagement without high-impact stress.
E-Collars
Elizabethan collars remain an important tool for protecting surgical sites, wounds, and bandages. A properly fitted e-collar should extend beyond the tip of the nose by at least 2 inches. Preventing licking and chewing is critical to proper healing.
Surgical Suits
An excellent alternative to traditional cones for dogs and cats recovering from spay, neuter, or abdominal surgery. Pets tolerate surgical suits far better than e-collars, resulting in less stress during recovery.
No Flap Ear Wrap
For ear tip bleeding, hematomas, or laceration protection. Helps prevent head shaking trauma, provides gentle compression, and stays in place far better than improvised bandages.

Limb Injury & Wound Support

DogLeggs
Specifically designed for dogs to provide support for limb wounds, pressure sores, and injury protection. Protect healing tissues while allowing appropriate movement and circulation.
MediPaw Boots
A useful short-term solution for protecting an injured or healing paw. Particularly helpful for keeping bandages clean and dry during outdoor walks and preventing licking when direct supervision isn’t possible.

Vision Loss Support

Walkin' Pets Halo

For dogs experiencing vision loss, the halo acts as a gentle buffer, preventing face and shoulder collisions while dogs learn to navigate their environment safely. Many dogs regain confidence and independence as they adjust to vision changes.

Wound Care at Home: Cleaning Simple Skin Wounds

How to Clean & Treat Minor Wounds at Home
  • Prep the Area: Never use scissors to cut matted fur, as this easily cuts the skin. Use pet clippers to trim around the wound, or gently wipe the area with a wet towel if clippers aren’t available.

  • Clean & Dry: Flush with lukewarm water 1–2 times daily. Gently cleanse (no aggressive scrubbing) using clean gauze and either diluted chlorhexidine (Hibiclens) or diluted dish soap (Dawn/Ivory), rinsing thoroughly afterward. Pat completely dry to prevent trapped moisture from causing infection.

  • Apply Ointment (Dogs Only): Apply a thin layer of plain triple antibiotic ointment. Avoid formulas with added pain relievers or steroids (like lidocaine or hydrocortisone), which delay healing or harm your pet if licked.

Lick Prevention & When to See a Vet
  • Protect the Wound: Lick prevention is critical for proper healing. Always use a recovery cone, bodysuit, or protective covering to stop your pet from licking the wound or ingesting topical ointment.

  • Normal Healing: Minor wounds should show noticeable improvement—with decreased redness and irritation—within 24 to 48 hours.

  • When to See a Vet: Seek immediate veterinary care if the wound worsens, or if it is a deep, gaping, or puncture wound (including all animal bites). Do not treat at home if you see visible fat/tissue, continuous bleeding, foul odor, discharge, or if your pet becomes lethargic or loses their appetite.

Additional Services

Bedford Animal Hospital is committed to helping pets and their owners throughout Hillsborough County and the Manchester, NH, region. As part of our commitment, we offer a diverse range of veterinary services to support animals in all stages of life, including:

  • Hospice
  • Euthanasia Services
  • Microchipping
  • Pain Management
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Bedford Animal Hospital

33 Old Bedford Rd
Bedford, NH 03110

Business Hours

Monday & Tuesday 8 AM ‒ 6 PM
Wednesday-Friday 8 AM ‒ 6 PM
Saturday ‒ Sunday Closed

Phone:

603-668-0500

Fax:

603-472-3243

Email:

Frontdesk@bedfordanimalhosp.com